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Hiragana Stroke Order: 46 Characters, Rules and Practice

Hiragana stroke order follows five repeatable rules: left to right, top to bottom, horizontal before crossing verticals, centre before balanced outer strokes, and enclosing strokes last. Use the full 46-character chart below, then print the short practice sheet to make the shapes and look-alike pairs such as め vs ぬ more reliable.

For a printer-friendly full chart, use Hiragana Chart Printable. For recognition practice, use the free Hiragana Quiz.

Printable Hiragana Stroke-Order Practice

Trace each character once, copy it twice, then cover the model and write it from memory. Use the stroke count as a quick self-check.

あ3 strokes
き4 strokes
ぬ3 strokes
め2 strokes
ほ4 strokes
ね4 strokes
れ3 strokes
る2 strokes
ろ2 strokes
を3 strokes
Stroke-order self-check: which is written with four strokes, さ or き?

き has four strokes. さ has three. Write both beside each other and count the final separated stroke in き.

Look-alike self-check: which character ends open, る or ろ?

ろ ends open. る closes more clearly at the bottom. This is easier to remember when you write both with their full stroke sequence.

Hiragana Stroke-Order Challenge

Check stroke counts, writing direction, and the most confusing look-alike pairs before moving on.

Score: 0 / 0

The 5 Core Stroke Direction Rules

#RuleExample
1Left to right — within a character, left strokes come before right strokesき: left vertical before right vertical
2Top to bottom — upper strokes come before lower strokesこ: top horizontal before bottom curve
3Horizontal before vertical — horizontal strokes that are crossed by a vertical are written firstた: horizontal stroke 2 before the crossing vertical stroke 3
4Centre before wings — for vertically symmetric shapes, draw the middle part firstし: single stroke top to bottom-right, then it curves — no wings in hiragana, but applies to some kanji
5Enclosing strokes last — the stroke that closes a loop or box comes after everything inside国 (kanji example): left wall → inside → right wall + bottom

Hiragana is more curved than kanji, so rules 1 and 2 (left-to-right, top-to-bottom) cover most situations. When in doubt, write from the top-left corner of the character and move right then down.

Stroke Count Reference — All 46 Hiragana

RowCharacterStrokesKey note
あ rowあ3Horizontal bar first, then sweep right, then loop left
い2Left curved stroke, then right curved stroke
う2Short top bar, then main curved body
え2Horizontal bar, then the cross + sweep
お3Horizontal, vertical, then the loop
か rowか3Horizontal, left diagonal, then right curve
き4Two horizontals, then a curve, then separate bottom vertical
く1Single angular stroke — very simple
け3Vertical, then horizontal bar, then right stroke
こ2Top horizontal, then bottom curved horizontal
さ rowさ3Two horizontals, then the curved stroke below (not 4!)
し1Single downward stroke curving to the right at bottom
す2Cross shape, then the looping lower part
せ3Horizontal, vertical, then bottom horizontal
そ2Small curve on top, then main looping stroke
た rowた4Horizontal, the long diagonal, short crossing horizontal, then vertical
ち3Top horizontal, short diagonal, then the large loop
つ1Single rightward curving stroke
て2Short upper curve, then the long hook stroke
と2Short horizontal, then the curved vertical with hook
な rowな4Horizontal, vertical, diagonal, then final loop
に3Two horizontals joined by a vertical, then last stroke right
ぬ3Left curve, then right curve with spiral-out loop — not the same as め
ね4Horizontal, vertical, then two more strokes for the loop and tail
の1Single looping stroke, ending open
は rowは3Vertical, then two right-side strokes — only 2 right parts
ひ2Left curve, then right diagonal closing inward
ふ4Top hat stroke, then 3 sweeping lower strokes
へ1Single mountain-peak stroke — the simplest character
ほ4Like は but with an extra final loop — 3 right-side parts total
ま rowま3Short horizontal, long horizontal, then down-and-right loop
み2Small top loop, then long sweeping bottom stroke
む3Horizontal, the main body loop, then short upper right stroke
め2Left curve, then right stroke with loop that turns inward — not the same as ぬ
も3Short horizontal, long horizontal, then vertical with two side hooks
や rowや3Left diagonal, top right stroke, then bottom horizontal
ゆ3Left curve, the upper right branch, then lower horizontal
よ2Horizontal bar, then the main loop stroke
ら rowら2Short curve on top, then main loop ending in tail
り2Left vertical, then right vertical with hook — simple
る2Short upper stroke, then main loop that closes — differs from ろ
れ3Vertical, then two right parts — similar top to ね but ends differently
ろ2Short upper stroke, then main loop that ends open — differs from る
わ rowわ2Vertical, then right curve — resembles れ but simpler
を3Two horizontals, then the long sweeping loop stroke
んん1Single sweeping stroke — starts right, curves left, ends right with hook

Most Commonly Confused Hiragana Pairs

PairKey difference
め vs ぬめ loop turns inward and closes. ぬ loop spirals outward and ends in a tail. Both have 2 main sections but the endings go opposite directions.
は vs ほは has 3 strokes and 2 right-side parts. ほ has 4 strokes and 3 right-side parts — the extra final loop makes it visually "fuller."
わ vs ね vs れAll share a similar top. わ ends in a simple right curve. ね and れ both have a loop at the bottom — ね ends with an outward tail; れ ends pointing left.
さ vs きさ has 3 strokes. き has 4 — an extra bottom vertical that disconnects from the main body is the giveaway.
ぬ vs のの is a single open loop (1 stroke). ぬ starts with a separate left stroke before the loop (3 strokes total).
る vs ろる closes into a sealed loop at the bottom. ろ ends open — like a fishhook without a point.

5 Common Mistakes with Hiragana Stroke Order

  1. Starting あ with the loop. The correct order is: (1) short horizontal bar at top, (2) long sweeping right arm, (3) the left-side loop. Most beginners draw the loop first because it looks most prominent.
  2. Writing き as 3 strokes. き has 4 strokes — the bottom vertical is a separate stroke that does not connect to the curved part above. Connecting it makes the character look like a messy さ.
  3. Confusing the me/nu loop direction. め loop closes inward; ぬ loop spirals outward. Practice these side by side until the muscle memory is distinct.
  4. Writing ろ with a closed loop. ろ always ends open. Closing the loop accidentally makes it look like る. The trick: る has a small circle; ろ never does.
  5. Adding dakuten (゛) before finishing the base character. Always complete the full base character first, then add the two diacritic dots or circle above the upper-right corner. Writing ゛ mid-character disrupts your stroke flow.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does stroke order really matter for hiragana?

Yes — correct stroke order builds muscle memory that makes writing faster and more natural. It also produces better-proportioned characters, especially for complex ones like ぬ, め, and ふ. Japanese schools teach it strictly, and consistent order prevents the look-alike confusion that slows learners down.

What is the general stroke order rule for Japanese writing?

Five rules: (1) left to right, (2) top to bottom, (3) horizontal before vertical strokes that cross, (4) centre before wings, (5) enclosing strokes last. Rules 1 and 2 cover the vast majority of hiragana.

How many strokes does あ have?

あ has 3 strokes: the short horizontal bar at the top, the long right-sweeping arm, and the left-side loop. A common mistake is starting with the loop — the bar comes first.

Which hiragana characters look the most similar?

The six most-confused pairs: め vs ぬ (loop direction), は vs ほ (2 vs 3 right parts), わ / ね / れ (similar tops), さ vs き (3 vs 4 strokes), ぬ vs の (3 vs 1 stroke), る vs ろ (closed vs open loop).

Should I learn hiragana before katakana?

Yes — hiragana appears far more often in everyday Japanese (verb endings, particles, grammar). Katakana is used mainly for foreign loanwords. Most courses start with hiragana, and knowing it first makes katakana faster to learn since both scripts represent the same 46 sounds.

How long does it take to learn all 46 hiragana?

Most learners recognise all 46 characters within 1–2 weeks of daily study. Writing from memory with correct stroke order typically takes 2–4 weeks of regular handwriting practice. Short daily sessions (10–15 minutes) outperform occasional long ones.

Keep studying

Practise Hiragana with YoruLearn

The YoruLearn app tests your hiragana recognition through spaced-repetition flashcards and timed reading drills — so you can identify every character instantly and stop second-guessing look-alike pairs like め and ぬ.

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